criminology Essay - 941 Words

This essay is going to discuss the causes of crime and evaluate the theories of criminalisation using one theory for each of the following themes. The themes are labelling and deviant identity of criminalisation, theory of delinquency and criminalisation, theory of political economy and criminalisation, and finally radical theory of criminalisation. This essay will also show some of the weaknesses of each of the theories used for these themes. The first theme is labelling and deviant identity theory of criminalisation, one of the main contributors to this theory was Howard Becker who in 1963 wrote the book â€Å"Outsiders† which provided the foundations of labelling theory. Becker looked at how social groups created deviance by creating the†¦show more content†¦Sykes and Matza state that there is five contributory factors to the rationalisation process these are â€Å" denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to the higher loyalties.† Denial of responsibility is when a delinquent will blame another group for his criminal act such as his parents did not give them a good upbringing or his school let him down, they look at themselves as the victim. Denial of injury is when they rationalise there action because nobody was hurt, for example vandalism or shoplifting from a large store chain who they believe can afford the lose. Denial of the victim is when they state that the victim deserved it. Condemnation of the condemners they blame the other group for there actions and try to deflect responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties they are fighting for the ethical good. Chambliss and Snider state that capitalism is the main contributor to delinquency as we strive to achieve personal wealth and gain an individual who does not achieve this feel justified in delinquent behaviour. Theory of political economy and criminalisation this looks at how capitalism can shape delinquent and deviant behaviour. Chambliss argues : â€Å"The heart of the capitalist economic system is the protection of private property, which is, by definition, the cornerstone upon which capitalist economies function. It is not surprising, then to find that criminal law reflects this basicShow MoreRelatedCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Criminology and Sociology: Criminology is concerned with examining the complex issues of crime and criminality to find its underlying causes. To do this criminology primarily aims to achieve answers as to why crime occurs; who is committing said crimes and how society as a whole will respond to crime with regards to policy changes and its place in the media (Australian Institute of Criminology: 2015). Sociology is the scientific study of human social interactions in a societal contextRead MoreFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesrational act and liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law-breaking and criminality of people ,the key perception is to assess how behaviour is stubborn. There are also two typesRead MoreCrime And Crime : Criminology And Criminology1211 Words   |  5 Pages Crime choice theory, often referred to as environmental criminology or ecological criminology, is a branch of criminology that was supposedly started by the classical school’s Cesare Beccaria. As with many theories, it has e volved with time, but the basics of it have stayed much the same throughout time. Crime choice theory can relate through other theories such as; routine activity theory, environmental criminology, situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental designRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Future Of Criminology1583 Words   |  7 Pagesintegration important for the future of criminology due to the flourishment of crimes in society. Researchers have begun to study crime and the punishments associated with specific crimes that do not include trust crimes such as fraud, workplace theft or income tax invasion. However, they are studying an array of criminal behaviors that involve illicit and illegal behaviors in an effort to establish how important integrated theory will affect the future of criminology. First, integrated theory must connectRead MoreCriminology And The Modern School Of Criminology1549 Words   |  7 Pagescauses, control, management, and conse quences of criminal behavior in an individual or the community is called criminology. Social philosophers coined the term criminology in the 18th century as they examined crime and the concept of law. Criminology regards crime as a social behavior and covers the making and breaking of laws, as well as the punitive actions for breaking the law. Criminology encompasses the creation of a set of general and verified principles regarding the knowledge of the law, crimeRead MoreClassical Criminology And Modern Criminology1412 Words   |  6 PagesClassical criminology is â€Å"usually seen as the first ‘real’ criminology† (Tierney,2009), due to its emergence in the eighteenth century, heralded by scholars Jeremey Bentham and Cesare de Beccaria. It is centred on the ‘act’ rather than the ‘offender’, as well as the use of punishment as a deterrence. Yet whilst classical criminology has evolved slightly over time, it’s narrow minded f ocus on the ‘offence’ rather than the ‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may haveRead MoreCriminology Courses : Criminology Course906 Words   |  4 PagesI enrolled in the Introduction to Criminology course to help improve my understanding of criminology. We are about a month into the course and I have learned a great deal about criminology. Firstly, I had some preconceptions related to criminology that have changed. I developed these preconceptions towards criminology as I grew up through various forms of my interaction with media, family, and friends. Secondly, I have learned that statistics don’t represent crime realistically, which causes someRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreCriminology : Life Course Criminology1817 Words   |  8 PagesLIFE COURSE CRIMINOLOGY ESSAY- 2000 WORDS MAY 2nd 2017 Life-course criminology is the focus on changes in offending and problem behaviours over the course of a person’s lifetime, often with three descriptions; developmental criminology, age related criminology and life course criminology, this is because although there are variations of the same general ideas, there are subtle differences. Developmental and life course criminology have many similar characteristics, however, they do also differ

The Murder And Serial Killers - 960 Words

Okay, so when I was 18 years old, I worked at a department store as an overnight ‘stock boy’. I practically slept during the day and woke up to go to work at night. However, right before heading out to work, I remember watching late night reruns of the shows Forensic Files and Cold Case Files. I don t know why but they kept me startled and entertained until I left for work. Since then -- for some odd reason -- I’ve found murderers and serial killers very enthralling. Particularly, from the very start, I became more interested in the motives that caused those high-profile murders, rather than the murderers themselves. From watching so much Forensic files, I’ve seen all the successful acts of murder and the fails from some of the world’s most notorious killers. So, instead of keeping all this interesting knowledge secluded, I ve decided to splurge out 13 great tips for killing someone and not getting caught. Ready? ALWAYS use ‘Oxygen’ bleach to clean up evidence of blood. This is the worst enemy of any forensic investigator and a serial killer’s best friend. Interestingly, oxygen bleach is a substance, that once used to clean up blood stains, will not leave any traces of blood or hemoglobin cells. This means, when the investigators whip out the luminol to probe the scene for blood traces, your ass will be covered. NEVER use a mobile phone. Making a phone call or sending text messages during murder time is a big NO! Nowadays, cell phone data of any kind can be easilyShow MoreRelatedThe Murder Of Serial Killers1703 Words   |  7 PagesA grieving mother drapes herself over the casket of her deceased son. The 14 year old had fallen victim to one of the most infamous serial killers in history, Jeffrey Dahmer. Dahmer killed a total of 17 known victims, all between the ages of 14 and 33. In his most recent murders, he often resorted to necrophilia, cannibalism, and permanent preservation of body parts (â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer Biography†). The mother looks at what is left of her son’s face, the face that once smiled to her every morning beforeRead MoreWhat Twists a Man so Far as Murder? (Serial Killers)2001 Words   |  9 Pages2005 What twists a man so far as murder? Many things today confuse, yet enthrall the masses. War, murder, medical science, incredible rescues, all things you would see on The History Channel. There is another topic that is also made into documentaries however, serial killers. Dark twisted people that commit multiple murders are of interest to the population, but what caused them to be this way. What horrible tragic set of events could twist a man to murder one or many people. Could SchizophreniaRead MoreA serial killer is someone who murders two or more individuals at different times. For example, if1100 Words   |  5 PagesA serial killer is someone who murders two or more individuals at different times. For example, if a man murders a prostitute on the day of Easter, murders another on mother’s day, and then another on Memorial Day, then he would be classified as a serial killer. Types of serial killers The Medical Killer This type of killer is very rare. This killer feels they have a clear alibi because they are in the medical occupation. Therefore whenever people in the hospitals pass away, it does not necessarilyRead MoreRobert Nixon was an African-American serial killer who confessed to five murders and multiple700 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Nixon was an African-American serial killer who confessed to five murders and multiple assaults in Chicago and Los Angeles from 1936 to 1938. He was born on June 16, 1919, in the small town Tallulah, Louisiana. The press gave Nixon the nickname Brick Moron† after he confessed to the â€Å"brick bat murders† (Arney). Edna Worden, her 12-year-old daughter, Rose Valdez, Elizabeth Rice, and Zoe Damrell were a few of his many victims. After Nixon was arrested, he was sentenced to death and electrocutedRead MoreSerial Murder And Mass Murder936 Words   |  4 Pages Before we can take on the definitions of serial murder and mass murder, we must first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (4). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events at three different locations, with a â€Å"cooling off† period between each event (RamslandRead MoreThe Crime Of Serial Murder And Mass Murder1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of Serial murder and mass murder have similar characteristics, however they are not the same. Before they can be defined, it is necessary to first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (FindLaw, 2014). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of I nvestigation, â€Å"the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events atRead MoreSerial Killers And The United States1743 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Serial murder crime though rare, is not a a new phenomenon. This crime has been committed for centuries and will continue to be a crime that is committed throughout the world. It is unfortunate and scary that this is probably one of the most serious of crimes that cannot be prevented. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, serial murderers commit their crimes because they want to. Rehabilitation is not obtainable for serial killers due to their inability for remorse and empathyRead MoreEssay about Serial Killers Modus Operandi1702 Words   |  7 PagesSerial Killers Modus Operandi A plethora of serial killers, dead and undead, have been most horrifying in their methods. There are several types of serial killers, some have been caught while others continue to haunt their surroundings. There are several approaches in categorizing serial killers. One method requires examination of the crime scene, the other requires counseling with the serial killer. In profiling a serial killer, law enforcers realize that serial killers are not unlike regularRead MoreCharles Manson Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesculturally progressive areas (San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, etc.). In 1969, Charles Manson, an American criminal, rose to infamy with his orchestration of seven gruesome murders in Los Angeles, California. Whats even more shocking than the murder scenes, was the fact that Manson did not perpetrate any of the murders himself, but instead convinced others to commit the crimes for him: the murderers had been done by the Manson Family, a cult Manson himself had cre ated. Manson’s total controlRead MoreKiller Vs. Serial Killers929 Words   |  4 PagesKiller vs Killer Countless people especially, criminologist have researched serial killers because they are so fascinating. Many disagree as to what the legal definition of a serial murder, which is, â€Å"[t]he unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s), in separate events. (Morton et al. 9). There is certainly not any dispute that there have been both male and female serial killers. Most of the research and documentation is specifically aimed around male serial killers. Over all

Corporate Business Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Business Ethics. Answer: The topic concerns balancing between the privacy and the profitability for Google. In recent scenario, the issue has raised an alarm regarding the point of violating the ethics of the business; because the users have been seemed not too happy with the fact that Google seeks much personal information while providing the service. On the other end, Google claims that keeping the track of other's information helps the company to fetch business. Hence, it has become a subject of skepticism whether google can draw adequate business without tracking people or not. According to, Craft (2013), with increasing practices of using social medias or other web platforms people have become more vulnerable to crimes and other unwanted incidents. Google asks for different private information such as contact details, mail id, location and so on. Google claims that all these data are used to deliver the good service, that in turn, helps them to draw more revenues. However, users are concerned that their personal information can be misused; on addition, if cyber hackers get access to such information it can result in severe accident (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). It has been seen that google uses photos shared by people for their map services. Reports have revealed that there is disappointment regarding such events as it happens without any consent of the people. For better understanding, the original scenario can be described in brief; Google of products like Google+, Gmail, YouTube, Google Map and other related services gather the information of their users. As per the Google's statement, they collect information to deliver the customized service for the users. Furthermore, Google also uses these data for the advertisement. The organization places cookies in the system of the users to track the web browsing history of that user (Kerr and Earle 2013). There is no such declaration till this date, from the organization on whether the collected information of web browsing history is deleted or not. Another inclusion in this list is the launching of Google Buzz, social networking platform of Google; because, the users found that their contact list was exposed to the public automatically unless one has opted it out. The majority of the users are disappointment with the privacy policy of the Google due to its enactment of revealing the information to any government agencies or law enforcement authorities. If such entities raise a request of revealing, the request does not require any reconsideration or approval from a judge or the court (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). It has been suspected that google tracks the data of internet users with the help of various tools; for instances, Google analytics, fonts and Google APIs. Use of such tools for tracking the IP address of the users makes Google able to determine the internet route of those users. Such information is valuable for Google because it is used for the marketing agencies and advertisements of Google itself; thus, Google places the privacy of the users at stake for its own interest. Reports have also revealed that Google collected almost 600 gigabytes of data from both the public and private Wi-Fi networks in around 30 countries without giving any prior notice to the Wi-Fi stations or the affected people. In this concern, incidents for Street View, one of the services offered by Google, can be said; this service has been accused by the users of taking pictures of their homes and looking too far into their private property. Moreover, people have also ra ised an objection to take their photographs and sharing them for the service without even informing them. Statement by Ferrell and Fraedrich (2015), in this context, is valid; they said that google has been bowing the ethics to its advertisement business. As mentioned by, Palazzo, Krings and Hoffrage (2012), an organization should not breach with the ethical provisions to make its business more profitable. As Google is the web giant and people use its services for daily activities it just cannot turn a deaf ear to the concerns of its user. Issues of bug attacking have happened with the Google services resulting in the leak of confidential information; hence, it means Google should review its security protection strategies very seriously so that it can avoid such mishaps further. Keep the fact of increasing dissatisfaction among service users in mind, the organization has shown interest to modify the privacy policy. Google stated that users can avoid sharing their personal information by turning off the option of share when they are accessing the service. On addition, Google clearly declared about it stand on the matter of maintaining the privacy of its users and answered all the questions of government in a 13-page letter. Google has also launched an extension called keep My Opt-Outs so that advertising companies cannot install the cookies in a users system. Thus, it can be said that Google has alternative options that can maintain the balance between the profitability and privacy. Therefore, overall extract of this discussion indicates that Google is required to be more ethical while dealing with the maintenance of the private information and there are lots of opportunities for the organization to grow further without hampering the ethical values of privacy protection. References Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Craft, J.L., 2013. A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), pp.221-259. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Kerr, I. and Earle, J., 2013. Prediction, preemption, presumption: How Big Data threatens big picture privacy.Stanford Law Review Online,66, p.65. Palazzo, G., Krings, F. and Hoffrage, U., 2012. Ethical blindness.Journal of Business Ethics,109(3), pp.323-338.